Catalogue

Background
The reactivity of the antiserum is directed to the Fc and Fab subunits of the IgG molecule. It includes a certain degree of reactivity with other immunoglobulins via the common Fab portion. It does not react with any non-Ig protein in duck serum, as tested by immunoelectrophoresis and double radial immunodiffusion. In immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical staining to identify and measure IgG, antigen or antibody, at the cellular and subcellular level by staining of appropriately treated cell and tissue substrates, and to demonstrate circulating antibodies in serodiagnostic microbiology and autoimmune diseases; to identify a specific antigen or immune complex using a reference antibody of duck origin in the middle layer of the indirect test procedure. As a second step an avidin or streptavidin conjugate of the user’s choice has to be used. This immunoconjugate is not pre-diluted. The optimum working dilution of each conjugate should be established by titration before being used. Excess labelled antibody must be avoided because it may cause high unspecific background staining and interfere with the specific signal. Remark: It was common in the past to use the term IgG to refer to bird IgY (see reference Higgins & Warr, Avian Pathology 1993). A later study by Lundqvist et al (Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2006) showed that birds have three classes of antibody: IgM, IgY and IgA. Each of these has been identified in ducks and, in addition, ducks have a smaller form of IgY, called IgY (ΔFc). Therefore this antibody product is directed against duck IgY (heavy and light chains).

Source
Rabbits were immunized with purified normal IgG isolated from pooled duck serum. Freund’s complete adjuvant is used in the first step of the immunization procedure.

Immunogen: Rabbits were immunized with purified normal IgG isolated from pooled duck serum. Freund’s complete adjuvant is used in the first step of the immunization procedure.

Product
Biotin-coupled purified hyperimmune rabbit IgG lyophilized from a solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2). No preservative added. It is reconstituted by adding 1 ml sterile distilled water, spun down to remove insoluble particles, divided into small aliquots, frozen and stored at or below -20°C.

Product Form: Biotin

Purification Method: Hyperimmune antisera with strong precipitating activity are selected for fractionation by salt-precipitation and purification of the IgG fraction by DEAE-chromatography.

Concentration: IgG protein concentration 10 mg/ml after reconstution in 1 mL sterile distilled water. Biotin/IgG protein molar ratio (B/P) is approximately 4.6. No foreign proteins added.

Specificity
Biotin-conjugated IgG fraction of polyclonal Rabbit antiserum to Duck IgG, heavy and light chains.

Species Reactivity: Inter-species cross-reactivity is a normal feature of antibodies to immunoglobulins, since Ig of different species frequently share antigenic determinants. Cross-reactivity of this antiSerum has been tested in double radial immunodiffusion with the following results: Bovine - Cat - Chicken + Dog - Goat - goose + Human - Horse - Mouse - Monkey - pigeon + Rat - Sheep - Swine - Turkey + A negative cross-reaction in double radial immunodiffusion does not exclude a reaction on more sensitive techniques.

Applications
ELISA,Immunocytochemistry,Immunohistochemistry (paraffin),Dot blot,Immunoblotting. The optimum working dilution of the antibody for any specific application should be established by titration.

Working Concentration: Working dilutions fro histochemical and cytochemical use are usually between 1:100 and 1:500; in ELISA and comparable non-precipitating antibody-binding assays between 1:2,000 and 1:10,000.

Storage
The lyophilized conjugate is shipped at ambient temperature and may be stored at +4°C; prolonged storage at or below -20°C. Prior to use, an aliquot is thawed slowly at ambient temperature, spun down again and used to prepare working dilutions by adding sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2). Repeated thawing and freezing should be avoided. Working dilutions should be stored at +4°C, not refrozen, and preferably used the same day. If a slight precipitation occurs upon storage, this should be removed by centrifugation. It will not affect the performance of the immunoconjugate.

Product Stability: The conjugate is lyophilized to assure stability and long shelf life.

Shipping Conditions: Ship at ambient temperature.

Caution
This product is intended FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY, and FOR TESTS IN VITRO, not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures involving humans or animals. It may contain hazardous ingredients. Please refer to the Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for additional information and proper handling procedures. Dispose product remainders according to local regulations.This datasheet is as accurate as reasonably achievable, but Nordic-MUbio​ accepts no liability for any inaccuracies or omissions in this information.

References
1) D. A. Higgins & G. W. Warr (1993) Duck immunoglobulins: Structure, functions and molecular genetics, Avian Pathology, 22:2, 211-236, DOI: 10.1080/03079459308418916 2) Lundqvist ML, Middleton DL, Radford C, Warr GW, Magor KE. Immunoglobulins of the non-galliform birds: antibody expression and repertoire in the duck. Dev Comp Immunol. 2006;30(1-2):93-100. doi: 10.1016/j.dci.2005.06.019.